Unfortunately, I don’t have enough time at the moment to fully understand this one! I’ll let Liz Upton from the Raspberry Pi Foundation explain:

Adam Vaughan is controlling an engine with an adaptive Extreme Learning Machine algorithm on his Pi, which predicts homogeneous charge compression ignition in real time.

It’s incredibly difficult to do, apparently, but thanks to the Pi and a heavy dose of programming, he’s been able to do it. Read more over at the Foundation’s blog.